Reference #447: Organizational Culture and Leadership

At least in the United States, assumptions about the fundamental motivation of workers made by leaders has changed over time. The transition has been:

1. Workers are rational economic actors — their essential motivation is economic self-interest.
2. Workers are social animals with primarily social needs — they possess a motivation to relate well to peer groups that often overrides economic self-interest (for example, anti-rate-busting behaviour).
3. Workers are problem solvers whose primary needs are to be challenged and to use their talents (related to Maslow (1954) on self-actualisation).
4. Workers are complex and malleable.

Schein. Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2017. (97-98)

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