Reference #351: Thinking in Systems

Sub-optimisation is a system behaviour wherein in a subsystem's goals dominate at the expense of the total system's goals. For example, a team member more focused on his personal glory than the success of the team can cause that team to fail.

The purpose of a system's hierarchy is to enable the subsystems that comprise it to do their job better. Sometimes both higher and lower levels of a hierarchy forget this.

Meadows. Thinking in Systems, 2008. (84-85)

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